Thursday, July 14, 2011
Relationship
Relationship is a complex thing. It's an unknown bond between. This bond may take place between living to living or living to non-living things. It is more a psychological phenomenon and matter of feeling something deep inside you. It is an emotion that makes you feel you are linking with somebody else.
Sunday, April 3, 2011
Environment
Pollution has been found to be present widely in the environment. There are a number of effects of this:
Biomagnification describes situations where toxins (such as heavy metals) may pass through trophic levels, becoming exponentially more concentrated in the process.
Carbon dioxide emissions cause ocean acidification, the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans as CO2 becomes dissolved.
The emission of greenhouse gases leads to global warming which affects ecosystems in many ways.
Invasive species can out compete native species and reduce biodiversity. Invasive plants can contribute debris and biomolecules (allelopathy) that can alter soil and chemical compositions of an environment, often reducing native species competitiveness.
Nitrogen oxides are removed from the air by rain and fertilise land which can change the species composition of ecosystems.
Smog and haze can reduce the amount of sunlight received by plants to carry out photosynthesis and leads to the production of tropospheric ozone which damages plants.
Soil can become infertile and unsuitable for plants. This will affect other organisms in the food web.
Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause acid rain which lowers the pH value of soil.
Biomagnification describes situations where toxins (such as heavy metals) may pass through trophic levels, becoming exponentially more concentrated in the process.
Carbon dioxide emissions cause ocean acidification, the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans as CO2 becomes dissolved.
The emission of greenhouse gases leads to global warming which affects ecosystems in many ways.
Invasive species can out compete native species and reduce biodiversity. Invasive plants can contribute debris and biomolecules (allelopathy) that can alter soil and chemical compositions of an environment, often reducing native species competitiveness.
Nitrogen oxides are removed from the air by rain and fertilise land which can change the species composition of ecosystems.
Smog and haze can reduce the amount of sunlight received by plants to carry out photosynthesis and leads to the production of tropospheric ozone which damages plants.
Soil can become infertile and unsuitable for plants. This will affect other organisms in the food web.
Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause acid rain which lowers the pH value of soil.
Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms.[1] Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light. Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or energies, or naturally occurring; when naturally occurring, they are considered contaminants when they exceed natural levels. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. The Blacksmith Institute issues annually a list of the world's worst polluted places. In the 2007 issues the ten top nominees are located in Azerbaijan, China, India, Peru, Russia, Ukraine, and Zambia.[2]
Environment pollution: Light pollution
Light pollution, also known as photopollution or luminous pollution, is excessive or obtrusive artificial light.
This approach confuses the cause and its result, however. Pollution is the adding-of/added light itself, in analogy to added sound, carbon dioxide, etc. Adverse consequences are multiple; some of them may be not known yet. Scientific definitions thus include the following:
Alteration of natural light levels in the outdoor environment owing to artificial light sources.
Light pollution is the alteration of light levels in the outdoor environment (from those present naturally) due to man-made sources of light. Indoor light pollution is such alteration of light levels in the indoor environment due to sources of light, which compromises human health.
Light pollution is the introduction by humans, directly or indirectly, of artificial light into the environment.
Light pollution obscures the stars in the night sky for city dwellers, interferes with astronomical observatories, and, like any other form of pollution, disrupts ecosystems and has adverse health effects. Light pollution can be divided into two main types: annoying light that intrudes on an otherwise natural or low-light setting and excessive light (generally indoors) that leads to discomfort and adverse health effects. Since the early 1980s, a global dark-sky movement has emerged, with concerned people campaigning to reduce the amount of light pollution.
This approach confuses the cause and its result, however. Pollution is the adding-of/added light itself, in analogy to added sound, carbon dioxide, etc. Adverse consequences are multiple; some of them may be not known yet. Scientific definitions thus include the following:
Alteration of natural light levels in the outdoor environment owing to artificial light sources.
Light pollution is the alteration of light levels in the outdoor environment (from those present naturally) due to man-made sources of light. Indoor light pollution is such alteration of light levels in the indoor environment due to sources of light, which compromises human health.
Light pollution is the introduction by humans, directly or indirectly, of artificial light into the environment.
Light pollution obscures the stars in the night sky for city dwellers, interferes with astronomical observatories, and, like any other form of pollution, disrupts ecosystems and has adverse health effects. Light pollution can be divided into two main types: annoying light that intrudes on an otherwise natural or low-light setting and excessive light (generally indoors) that leads to discomfort and adverse health effects. Since the early 1980s, a global dark-sky movement has emerged, with concerned people campaigning to reduce the amount of light pollution.
Conservation movement
The conservation movement, also known as nature conservation, is a political, environmental and a social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including plant and animal species as well as their habitat for the future.
The early conservation movement included fisheries and wildlife management, water, soil conservation and sustainable forestry. The contemporary conservation movement has broadened from the early movement's emphasis on use of sustainable yield of natural resources and preservation of wilderness areas to include preservation of biodiversity. Some say the conservation movement is part of the broader and more far-reaching environmental movement, while others argue that they differ both in ideology and practice. Chiefly in the United States, conservation is seen as differing from environmentalism in that it aims to preserve natural resources expressly for their continued sustainable use by humans. In other parts of the world conservation is used more broadly to include the setting aside of natural areas and the active protection of wildlife for their inherent value, as much as for any value they may have for humans.
The early conservation movement included fisheries and wildlife management, water, soil conservation and sustainable forestry. The contemporary conservation movement has broadened from the early movement's emphasis on use of sustainable yield of natural resources and preservation of wilderness areas to include preservation of biodiversity. Some say the conservation movement is part of the broader and more far-reaching environmental movement, while others argue that they differ both in ideology and practice. Chiefly in the United States, conservation is seen as differing from environmentalism in that it aims to preserve natural resources expressly for their continued sustainable use by humans. In other parts of the world conservation is used more broadly to include the setting aside of natural areas and the active protection of wildlife for their inherent value, as much as for any value they may have for humans.
soil pollution
Soil contamination (soil pollution) is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically arises from the rupture of underground storage tanks, application of pesticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, oil and fuel dumping, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals. This occurrence of this phenomenon is correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensities of chemical usage.
The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, from direct contact with the contaminated soil, vapors from the contaminants, and from secondary contamination of water supplies within and underlying the soil[1]. Mapping of contaminated soil sites and the resulting cleanup are time consuming and expensive tasks, requiring extensive amounts of geology, hydrology, chemistry and computer modeling skills.
The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, from direct contact with the contaminated soil, vapors from the contaminants, and from secondary contamination of water supplies within and underlying the soil[1]. Mapping of contaminated soil sites and the resulting cleanup are time consuming and expensive tasks, requiring extensive amounts of geology, hydrology, chemistry and computer modeling skills.
Forest Conservation
The conservation movement, also known as nature conservation, is a political, environmental and a social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including plant and animal species as well as their habitat for the future.
The early conservation movement included fisheries and wildlife management, water, soil conservation and sustainable forestry. The contemporary conservation movement has broadened from the early movement's emphasis on use of sustainable yield of natural resources and preservation of wilderness areas to include preservation of biodiversity. Some say the conservation movement is part of the broader and more far-reaching environmental movement, while others argue that they differ both in ideology and practice. Chiefly in the United States, conservation is seen as differing from environmentalism in that it aims to preserve natural resources expressly for their continued sustainable use by humans. In other parts of the world conservation is used more broadly to include the setting aside of natural areas and the active protection of wildlife for their inherent value, as much as for any value they may have for humans.
The early conservation movement included fisheries and wildlife management, water, soil conservation and sustainable forestry. The contemporary conservation movement has broadened from the early movement's emphasis on use of sustainable yield of natural resources and preservation of wilderness areas to include preservation of biodiversity. Some say the conservation movement is part of the broader and more far-reaching environmental movement, while others argue that they differ both in ideology and practice. Chiefly in the United States, conservation is seen as differing from environmentalism in that it aims to preserve natural resources expressly for their continued sustainable use by humans. In other parts of the world conservation is used more broadly to include the setting aside of natural areas and the active protection of wildlife for their inherent value, as much as for any value they may have for humans.
Saturday, April 2, 2011
Environment pollution: Global Warming
Global Warming
Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. According to the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global surface temperature increased by 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the 20th century.[2][A] Most of the observed temperature increase since the middle of the 20th century has been caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, which result from human activities such as the burning of fossil fuel and deforestation.
Climate model projections summarized in the latest IPCC report indicate that the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the 21st century. The uncertainty in this estimate arises from the use of models with differing sensitivity to greenhouse gas concentrations and the use of differing estimates of future greenhouse gas emissions. An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, probably including expansion of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects include more frequent and intense extreme weather events, species extinctions, and changes in agricultural yields. Warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe, though the nature of these regional changes is uncertain. As a result of contemporary increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, the oceans have become more acidic, a result that is predicted to continue.
Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. According to the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global surface temperature increased by 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the 20th century.[2][A] Most of the observed temperature increase since the middle of the 20th century has been caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, which result from human activities such as the burning of fossil fuel and deforestation.
Climate model projections summarized in the latest IPCC report indicate that the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the 21st century. The uncertainty in this estimate arises from the use of models with differing sensitivity to greenhouse gas concentrations and the use of differing estimates of future greenhouse gas emissions. An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, probably including expansion of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects include more frequent and intense extreme weather events, species extinctions, and changes in agricultural yields. Warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe, though the nature of these regional changes is uncertain. As a result of contemporary increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, the oceans have become more acidic, a result that is predicted to continue.
Friday, April 1, 2011
Noise pollution
Noise pollution is caused by the unwanted noise in the air. Noise pollution causes the various types of diseases in the human beings such as deafness, nervousness, diseases related to the nervous system etc. Noise pollution is the result of the modern civilization. Today we see that on the road millions of vehicles run. There are so many manufacturing industries which operate twenty four hours a day. They create a lots of noise pollution. Nowadays we see that in the party, disco, wedding high volume speakers are played which is also one of the major source of the noise pollution.
Noise pollution can be reduced by following a number of simple steps.This step is started
Noise pollution can be reduced by following a number of simple steps.This step is started
Land pollution
Land pollution means decrease in the fertility of the land because of the use chemical fertilizers, biologically not degradable substance, atomic explosion, fertility being swept away by the water etc. Land pollution causes the decrease in the production of crops or not production at all. The decrease in production causes adverse effect on the life all the human beings and other livings things that depend on the food. Land pollution also causes the adverse effect in the growth of trees, vegetation.
Livings beings such as human beings totally depend on the land for their food sources. Imagine just what happens if we are not able to produce anything on the surface of the land. The disaster will break on the earth. Human will be killing human for the sake of food. No animals can survive on the earth. For the sometime stronger ones will begin to kill weaker ones and eat them. The scene will be very bloody and frightening. The most worst thing will happen we never had imagined of. The pollution of land caused by the atomic explosion is the most worst case. Because in the place where atomic explosion has been caused there will be no any vegetation for hundred of years.
Land is limited on the earth. We cannot produce more land if we need more. Hence we have to think hundred times before we destroy our lovely land.
Livings beings such as human beings totally depend on the land for their food sources. Imagine just what happens if we are not able to produce anything on the surface of the land. The disaster will break on the earth. Human will be killing human for the sake of food. No animals can survive on the earth. For the sometime stronger ones will begin to kill weaker ones and eat them. The scene will be very bloody and frightening. The most worst thing will happen we never had imagined of. The pollution of land caused by the atomic explosion is the most worst case. Because in the place where atomic explosion has been caused there will be no any vegetation for hundred of years.
Land is limited on the earth. We cannot produce more land if we need more. Hence we have to think hundred times before we destroy our lovely land.
Water pollution
Water pollution means the contamination of water due to waste disposal, sewerage, industrial dumping of the waste materials, unplanned use of the water resources, building of the houses by the side of the water sources etc. Water is the life blood of the human beings. Without water we cannot imagine the life on the earth. Water gives life not only to the human beings only but all the other living things such as animals, plants, aquatic life etc. The huge source of water on the earth is sea and oceans. The aquatic animals and plants cannot survive without water. But the water of the sea and oceans are not fit to drink for the human beings because they are very salty. The water of lakes, ponds, rivers, well etc are only good to drink. In totality these are the sources of water on the earth.
Water are polluted constantly because of the unwise use of this resource. We should not pollute the water because without it we cannot imagine life on the earth and it is the basic necessity of the human life. For the prevention of water pollution the rivers and oceans should not be made the dumping site of the industry. Rather the waste should be managed properly and they could be recycled. The polluted water causes various types of diseases in the human beings as well as animals and plants too.
Water are polluted constantly because of the unwise use of this resource. We should not pollute the water because without it we cannot imagine life on the earth and it is the basic necessity of the human life. For the prevention of water pollution the rivers and oceans should not be made the dumping site of the industry. Rather the waste should be managed properly and they could be recycled. The polluted water causes various types of diseases in the human beings as well as animals and plants too.
Air pollution
Air pollution is the recent issue all over the world. This problem is not of a single country or a single continent but it is of the whole world. First we should discuss what is air pollution, what are causes of this and what are remedies for preventing the air pollution.
Air pollution means means contamination in the air because of unwanted dust particles, waste, germs & viruses in the air, harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon mono oxide, micro glass particles, gases emitted through vehicles, smoke released by the industries, pollution from the atomic plant etc. There are so many numerous causes for the air pollution that if we go on loading can fill up the several pages. Air pollution is also the result of the modern civilization. We are continuously moving forward but without caring about the environment in which we live.
Air pollution is constantly degrading the healthy and natural life of all the living creatures on the earth. It is constantly affecting not only living things but also non living things. Air pollution has created a big hole in the ozone layer. The ozone layer depletion is one of the greatest problem of the modern world. Through the hole created by air pollution, the harmful ultra violet rays of the sun directly enters on the surface of the earth which is very dangerous. These ultra violet rays cause cancer in the human beings.
Air pollution means means contamination in the air because of unwanted dust particles, waste, germs & viruses in the air, harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon mono oxide, micro glass particles, gases emitted through vehicles, smoke released by the industries, pollution from the atomic plant etc. There are so many numerous causes for the air pollution that if we go on loading can fill up the several pages. Air pollution is also the result of the modern civilization. We are continuously moving forward but without caring about the environment in which we live.
Air pollution is constantly degrading the healthy and natural life of all the living creatures on the earth. It is constantly affecting not only living things but also non living things. Air pollution has created a big hole in the ozone layer. The ozone layer depletion is one of the greatest problem of the modern world. Through the hole created by air pollution, the harmful ultra violet rays of the sun directly enters on the surface of the earth which is very dangerous. These ultra violet rays cause cancer in the human beings.
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